Plot and Themes in Macbeth – Act 1, scene 4 by William Shakespeare

Plot Summary

Act 1, Scene 4 opens at Forres, in a room in King Duncan’s palace. Duncan inquires whether the Thane of Cawdor has been executed, which his son confirms from the report he received from someone who was present at the execution. Duncan further feels disappointed for trusting the Thane of Cawdor, whom he believed was someone he could trust.

When Macbeth, Duncan, and the others enter, Duncan is overwhelmed with joy and gratitude for their bravery and patriotism. They simply reply by telling him that it is their duty. Duncan proclaims Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland and his future heir.

 

Themes

Appearance vs Reality

This theme is demonstrated through the Thane of Cawdor, who was a gentleman and someone Duncan could trust, whereas he was actually a traitor with bad intentions. This theme is further portrayed through Macbeth, who appears trustworthy whereas he has evil plans. Duncan calls him his cousin and is very happy and proud of him, but Macbeth becomes bitter and develops evil plans, as seen in his aside when he learns that Malcolm is the heir to the throne.

These events further the plot because they indicate that things are not always what they seem.

 

Gratitude

The theme of gratitude is developed through King Duncan, who is grateful and appreciative of his soldiers. He goes as far as treating them as family, upgrading their position, and throwing a party in their honour. This further proves him to be appreciative and someone who trusts others.

 

Ambition

This theme is demonstrated through Macbeth, whose ambition for power at all costs grows bigger and clearer when Duncan names his son heir. In Macbeth’s speech (aside), he says that he has to fall or jump over because that information blocks his prophecy of becoming king. He further plans to take whatever action is necessary to be at the top.

This furthers the plot as it creates suspense about what will happen next.