- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
- ATP is a nucleotide made of ribose sugar, the nitrogenous base adenine, and three phosphate groups (ADP + one extra phosphate; AMP has only one phosphate). It is broken down to ADP + Pi by ATPase, releasing energy.
Properties of ATP
- Found in all living cells — the universal energy currency; small and soluble, diffuses easily; takes part in many metabolic reactions; releases energy in small, usable amounts.
Functions (Uses) of ATP
- Synthesis of macromolecules (e.g. polysaccharides, proteins); cellular movement (e.g. muscle contraction); active transport; cell division and growth; activation of molecules (e.g. glucose at the start of glycolysis); forming secretory vesicles; bioluminescence (e.g. in fireflies).